Colon Cancer causes and prevention

Colorectal cancer, or bowel cancer, is the second most common cancer in Hong Kong, according to the Department of Health. Sadly, the number of new bowel cancer cases is showing no sign of slowing down. The early symptoms of colorectal cancer can be subtle; nevertheless, this type of cancer is highly preventable, and curable if detected early. Be aware of some early symptoms of colon cancer can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment.

Signs and symptoms of colon cancer

Colorectal cancer may not show any signs or symptoms in the early stages, but you may want to seek medical attention should one or more of the following symptoms occur:

• blood in stool
• a change in usual bowel habit, e.g. constipation, diarrhoea
• unexpected weight loss
• tiredness
• abdominal pain or discomfort

Colon cancer prevention

1. Colorectal Screenings - Colorectal screenings examine the inside of the colon and rectum, and can detect polyp growths which can be removed before they turn cancerous.  The recommended age to start colorectal screening is 45, but people with a family history of colorectal cancer should start at a younger age. Speak to your doctor about when to start your screening.
   
   
2. Diet - Vegetables, fruits and whole grains are associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.  Meanwhile, red meat and processed meats, e.g. luncheon meats, are linked with a higher risk.
   
   
3. Exercise - Regular exercise stimulates bowel movement and helps control weight, lowering the risk of colorectal cancer.
   
   
4. Cigarettes and Alcohol -  Smoking and high alcohol consumption are believed to increase the risk of colorectal cancer.  The American Cancer Society recommends that people limit alcohol consumption to two drinks a day for men and one drink per day for women.

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Sources:

1. Department of Health, HKSAR Government- Colorectal Cancer
2. American Cancer Society - Cancer Signs and Symptoms
3. American Cancer Society - Six Ways to Lower Your Risk for Colorectal Cancer