According to statistics by the Hong Kong Cancer Registry, the five most fatal types of cancer in the city for 2017 were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer.
The American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research Fund jointly compiled a report based on evidence from studies that involved 51 million people, 3.5 million of which suffered from 17 different types of cancer. According to the report, introducing changes to diet, being physically active, and maintaining a healthy body weight can significantly reduce cancer risks.
How to prevent cancer
Lifestyle
- Steer away from tobacco products
- Avoid excessive sun exposure
- Prevent weight gain in adult life. Keep body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9.
- At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week.
Diet
- Eat mostly plant-based foods which are rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans.
- Minimize consumption of red meat, processed foods, and sugar-sweetened drinks.
- Limit alcohol intake. Even small amounts can increase cancer risk.
- Do not take supplements for cancer prevention. Try to meet nutritional needs through diet instead.
Breastfeeding Mums
Mothers should breastfeed their baby exclusively for at least six months, and with appropriate complementary foods for up to two years after, if possible. It protects mothers against breast cancer and the child against infections and diseases.
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